manual/STRUCTURE

duna

the organizational structure

The ensurance protocol operates as a Decentralized Unincorporated Nonprofit Association (DUNA)—a member-owned structure where agents are members and decisions flow polycentrically.

why

Natural capital protection requires an organizational form that:

  • Aligns incentives with ecological outcomes
  • Enables coordination without centralized control
  • Provides legal recognition without corporate overhead
  • Allows members to participate at varying levels

Traditional structures fail because they optimize for shareholder returns or bureaucratic permanence. DUNAs optimize for member benefit and mission alignment.

what

DUNA characteristics

PropertyDescription
DecentralizedNo single controlling entity
UnincorporatedNo corporate charter or state registration
NonprofitSurplus benefits members and mission, not investors
AssociationMembers voluntarily associate for common purpose

member-owned

All agents are members of the DUNA. Membership comes through:

  • Creating an agent in any group
  • Holding ensurance instruments
  • Participating in protocol activity

Members have:

  • Voice in coordination decisions
  • Access to protocol benefits
  • Responsibility for stewardship

polycentric coordination

Decisions don't flow through a single authority. Instead:

LevelDecides OnMethod
ProtocolCore parameters, major upgradesBroad member input
GroupGroup-specific policies, agent criteriaGroup members
AgentAgent-specific actions, mandate executionAgent operators
IndividualPersonal holdings, participation levelSelf-directed

This is polycentric governance—multiple centers of decision-making, each appropriate to its scope.

how

decision types

Different decisions use different mechanisms:

TypeExamplesMechanism
OperationalAgent actions, trades, transfersOperator discretion
GroupNew agent criteria, certificate termsGroup coordination
ProtocolFee changes, new mechanismsMember input process
ConstitutionalDUNA structure changesFormal amendment

voting patterns

When formal decisions are needed:

PatternWhen UsedHow It Works
DirectAll members voteOne agent = one vote
RepresentativeGroups voteGroup delegates represent members
WeightedStake-based decisionsWeight by holdings or activity

Most operational decisions don't require voting. The system is designed to minimize coordination overhead.

agent decisions

Agents make decisions based on:

FactorDescription
MandateWhat the agent is authorized to do
ModeManual, automated, or autonomous
OperatorWho controls the agent

Within mandate, agents can act. Beyond mandate requires coordination or change.

group decisions

Groups coordinate through:

  • Shared namespace governance
  • Certificate creation processes
  • Agent admission criteria
  • Resource allocation

Group coordination happens through group-specific channels and processes.

protocol decisions

Protocol-level changes require:

  • Broad member awareness
  • Time for discussion
  • Clear implementation plan
  • Minimal disruption

As a DUNA, the protocol has:

  • Legal standing for contracts
  • Limited liability for members
  • Tax treatment as nonprofit association
  • Recognition in jurisdictions supporting DUNAs

This enables real-world activity (land transactions, partnerships, legal agreements) without corporate overhead.

not governance—coordination

We deliberately avoid "governance" framing because:

  • Governance implies hierarchy and bureaucracy
  • We optimize for minimal coordination overhead
  • Most decisions should be local and automatic
  • The goal is stewardship, not administration

The DUNA structure enables coordination when needed while defaulting to autonomous operation.

  • agents — Members of the DUNA
  • groups — Namespaces within the DUNA
  • approach — Philosophy behind the structure